DNA Interactions Between Proteins Essay - 1029 Words

DNA: Interactions between Proteins Deoxyribonucleic Acid is a molecule that contains the genetic makeup of almost all living organisms. While Deoxyribonucleic Acid, or DNA, has been successfully mapped out, many of its interactions with certain proteins and enzymes have not been fully revealed within the atomic level. The history and mysteries of DNA continue to fascinate biologists and chemists alike. However, we must question, who was the first to discover DNA, and what scientists have done to further enhance our understanding of it? In short, DNA was first isolated by physician Friedrich Miescher in 1869; in 1937, William Astbury became the first person to produce an x-ray diffraction pattern of the DNA molecule. Sixteen years†¦show more content†¦Essentially, adenine may only bind with thymine with two hydrogen bonds, and guanine may only bind with cytosine with three hydrogen bonds. In broader perspective, purines may only bond with pyrimidines. Adenine and guanines are the purines, due to their double ring molecular structure, while thymine and cytosine are the pyrimidines due to there single ring structure. In addition the strands of DNA are connected together between base pairs, through Hydrogen bonding. While each base pair may only bind with its complimentary base pair, it is th e sequence of the base pairs that creates such genetic diversity amongst living organisms around the world. As scientists further investigate the atomic structure and function of DNA, DNA replication is also being further examined. During DNA replication, multiple enzymes, such as DNA Ligase, DNA Helicase, and DNA polymerase assist in unwinding the DNA double strand into single stranded DNA (essentially an unwinding of the DNA in which the hydrogen bonds are broken separating the two strands) which would latter be used as a template for the creation of a new single DNA strand. DNA is thus widely known as the genetic material for almost all living organisms. Although DNA replication is in general understood, its atomic structure and interactions (between DNA and its proteins and enzymes) are not. Hence, we must begin toShow MoreRelatedDescription And Function Of Mutagenesis1345 Words   |  6 PagesSite-directed mutagenesis is a method used to construct amino acid changes in a prote in in order to test the function of a specific amino acid. It is the way to study protein structure and function change the amino acid sequence of a protein by altering the DNA sequence of cloned gene4. A particular amino acid is very important in catalytic activity, ligand binding, protein folding or other function. Amino acid residue significance is tested by making conservative substitutions or by changing theRead MoreTpp1 Lab Report1560 Words   |  7 PagesTPP1 is identified as a bridge protein in the shelterin where it binds with POT1 with the PBD, and bind with TIN2 with its CTD-CC22 domain. The interaction between TPP1 and other shelterin protein is revealed using the Oxytricha Nova telomere end binding proteins (TEBP). In O. Nova, TEBP has two heterodimers TEBP-ÃŽ ± and TEBP-ÃŽ ² that cap the ends of the chromosomes [13]. The TEBP-ÃŽ ± is the homologue unit of the human POT1demostrates similar sequence to mammalian POT1 protein [15]. The TEBP-ÃŽ ² unit homologousRead MoreE ssay on Chemistry and the Structure of DNA590 Words   |  3 PagesGenetics relies on chemistry to explain phenomena related to the field. The structure of DNA relies on chemistry. In fact, when James Watson and Francis Crick discovered the structure of DNA, they did so by building models based on the laws of chemistry. 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Though there are several different ways that DNA transcription can be controlled, histone deacetylation is the one focused on in the Vershon lab. DNA, which has a negativeRead MoreTuberculosis : An Infectious Disease Of Particular Interest Essay757 Words   |  4 Pagesof a protein that interacts with the EccA1, another virulence factor mains unknown. (W1 Mycobacterium Secretion: Background Information† 2005) The overall objective of the project is to identify the proteins that interact with EccA1 using a yeast two-hybrid assay test and to characterize the particular regions of the proteins that interact. The TB DNA was isolated from a PCR colony to be used as a template for a PCR reaction. An agarose gel was created and used for electrophoresis of the DNA. A UVRead MoreMidterm Review Bio1291 Words   |  6 PagesBonds Interactions a) Covalent bonds – sharing of electron pairs b) Ionic attraction – attraction of opposite charges c) Hydrogen bond – electrical attraction between a covalently bonded H atom and an electronegative atom d) Hydrophobic Interactions – interaction of non – polar substances in the presence of polar substances e) van der Waals Interaction – interaction of electron of non-polar substances Fatty Acids Have Long Tails Formed by Covalently Linked Carbons a) All bonds between carbonRead MoreDna Protein Protein Structure1707 Words   |  7 PagesDNA Polymerase Proteins are arguably the most structurally and functionally complex structures known to man. Through evolution spanning billions of years, these macromolecules have been perfected to perform many functions necessary for life. Proteins contain four distinct levels of structure and are composed of simple organic compounds known as amino acids. (Alberts, Bruce et al 2000) Amino acids are joined together by peptide bonds made during protein biosynthesis, and the linked amino acid chainRead MoreEssay on Water in the Biochemical Process1654 Words   |  7 PagesWater is a vital part for the function of organisms, as it is involved in the â€Å"energetics† of molecular interactions and conformational adaption of macromolecules in animal and plant cells, due to its structure, flexibility and several unique properties (Rand, 2004). In an organism’s cell, various types of water are present. They are known as bound, hydration, vicinal and bulk water. 95% of watery body fluid is composed of bulk water, since they function as â€Å"space filling medium†, which supports